.. _Glossary: ************************* Glossary ************************* .. glossary:: advect advection According to the American Meteorological Society (AMS) definition, `advection `_ is "The process of transport of an atmospheric property solely by the mass motion (velocity field) of the atmosphere." In common parlance, advection is movement of atmospheric substances that are carried around by the wind. CCPP The `Common Community Physics Package `_ is a forecast-model agnostic, vetted collection of code containing atmospheric physical parameterizations and suites of parameterizations for use in Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) along with a framework that connects the physics to the host forecast model. ESMF `Earth System Modeling Framework `__. The ESMF defines itself as “a suite of software tools for developing high-performance, multi-component Earth science modeling applications.” FMC Fuel moisture content FV3 The Finite-Volume Cubed-Sphere :term:`dynamical core` (dycore). Developed at NOAA's `Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory `__ (GFDL), it is a scalable and flexible dycore capable of both hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic atmospheric simulations. It is the dycore used in the UFS Weather Model. HRRR `High Resolution Rapid Refresh `__. The HRRR is a NOAA real-time 3-km resolution, hourly updated, cloud-resolving, convection-allowing atmospheric model initialized by 3km grids with 3km radar assimilation. Radar data is assimilated in the HRRR every 15 min over a 1-h period adding further detail to that provided by the hourly data assimilation from the 13km radar-enhanced Rapid Refresh. ICs Initial conditions level-set method A commonly used method in wildland fire modeling used to track and propogate the fire perimiter. More details available in :cite:alp:`LevelSetMethod`. LBCs Lateral boundary conditions namelist A namelist defines a group of variables or arrays. Namelists are an I/O feature for format-free input and output of variables by key-value assignments in Fortran compilers. Fortran variables can be read from and written to plain-text files in a standardised format, usually with a ``.nml`` file ending. NCAR The National Science Foundation's `National Center for Atmospheric Research `__. NCEP National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) is an arm of the National Weather Service consisting of nine centers. More information can be found at https://www.ncep.noaa.gov. netCDF NetCDF (`Network Common Data Form `__) is a file format and community standard for storing multidimensional scientific data. It includes a set of software libraries and machine-independent data formats that support the creation, access, and sharing of array-oriented scientific data. NUOPC The `National Unified Operational Prediction Capability `__ Layer "defines conventions and a set of generic components for building coupled models using the Earth System Modeling Framework (:term:`ESMF`)." NWS The `National Weather Service `__ (NWS) is an agency of the United States government that is tasked with providing weather forecasts, warnings of hazardous weather, and other weather-related products to organizations and the public for the purposes of protection, safety, and general information. It is a part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) branch of the Department of Commerce. Parameterizations Simplified functions that approximate the effects of small-scale processes (e.g., microphysics, gravity wave drag) that cannot be explicitly resolved by a model grid’s representation of the earth. PDE Partial differential equation SDF Suite Definition File. An external file containing information about the construction of a physics suite. It describes the schemes that are called, in which order they are called, whether they are subcycled, and whether they are assembled into groups to be called together. tracer According to the American Meteorological Society (AMS) definition, a `tracer `_ is "Any substance in the atmosphere that can be used to track the history [i.e., movement] of an air mass." Tracers are carried around by the motion of the atmosphere (i.e., by :term:`advection`). These substances are usually gases (e.g., water vapor, CO2), but they can also be non-gaseous (e.g., rain drops in microphysics parameterizations). In weather models, temperature (or potential temperature), absolute humidity, and radioactivity are also usually treated as tracers. According to AMS, "The main requirement for a tracer is that its lifetime be substantially longer than the transport process under study." UFS The Unified Forecast System is a community-based, coupled, comprehensive Earth modeling system consisting of several applications (apps). These apps span regional to global domains and sub-hourly to seasonal time scales. The UFS is designed to support the :term:`Weather Enterprise` and to be the source system for NOAA's operational numerical weather prediction applications. For more information, visit https://ufs.epic.noaa.gov/.